As part of the ongoing project to upgrade all of our websites to use our Vanilla Framework, we tackled releases.ubuntu.com, a website that lists all Ubuntu releases available for download.
- Releases.ubuntu. Com/14.04
- Ubuntu Release History
- What Version Of Ubuntu Should I Get
- Releases.ubuntu. Com/15.04
CD images for Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS (Xenial Xerus) 64-bit PC (AMD64) server install image. Choose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2).
Get Ubuntu server. Option 1: Multipass. On-demand Ubuntu Server VMs for Mac, Windows and Linux. Multipass provides instant Ubuntu VMs; Use cloud-init metadata for rapid cloud development and testing. CD images for Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS (Focal Fossa).
Our design and build process
Identify page types
The first step in the design process was identifying how many pages needed to be updated and the general scope of the project.
These older Ubuntu releases are now in Extended Maintenance (ESM): Ubuntu 14.04.6 LTS (Trusty Tahr) › Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) ›. Ubuntu releases are made semiannually by Canonical Ltd, the developers of the Ubuntu operating system, using the year and month of the release as a version number.The first Ubuntu release, for example, was Ubuntu 4.10 and was released on 20 October 2004.
We conducted a technical investigation, aided by the engineering team who maintain the project, and identified how the site works and to what extent we could modify the codebase.
The releases pages are unusual in that they are not generated by a web framework or served as static HTML files like most of the websites we maintain. The ability to reliably download Ubuntu being of utmost importance to our users, these pages are served directly by the Apache web server's Directory Listings feature. The limitation this imposes is that we are only able to configure the header and footer templates used by Apache and have little control over the file listing table's HTML.
These header and footer templates are generated by a script, when a directory of install images are created by a new Ubuntu release. This script contains logic that appends page elements relevant to the specific release. For example, links to specific installation guides.
Osx extract rar. The project also has no facility to compile Sass during builds, so we were limited to using the pre-compiled, hosted CSS file. This means that including and extending the default Vanilla behaviour must be achieved in CSS rather than Sass. We wanted to keep this practice to a minimum because overriding the framework features without Sass can lead to more overly-specific CSS rules and adds to maintenance overheads. Keeping local changes to a minimum can allow an upgrade to be as simple as swapping out the URL to the compiled CSS to the latest release.
Despite no two release pages being exactly the same, they fall into two core categories: the homepage – which has signposts to the other pages – and individual release listings, e.g. for Cosmic Cuttlefish.
Apply Vanilla Framework
We tackled the homepage first, applying the compiled Vanilla stylesheet to the existing HTML and adding classes for the base components. As a first pass, it greatly improved the appearance of content on the page.
When applying Vanilla to a page, we first find logical ways of organising the content into strips – the base-level building block of any Vanilla page layout – and then further subdivide the strips into rows and columns as needed.
With the basic structure defined, we can then style the existing HTML elements with pattern classes. In this case, we applied the list and table patterns to the
- and
- Updating the branding
- Applying clearer layouts to differentiate sections
- Introducing colour
- Establishing a typographic hierarchy
- Exploring using `heading-four` sized links as signposts in the hero section
- Reworking the layout of the list of Ubuntu flavours
- Removing the visually overwhelming external link pattern
- Applying the card pattern to the highlighted download options, keeping consistent with ubuntu.com's download section and emphasising the links are direct downloads
elementsFollowing this process, we were able to reorganise the content into sections, define a structured layout and improve the flow of the page.
Homepage pre- and post-Vanilla:
Release page pre- and post-Vanilla:
Design iteration and using Vanilla components
The 'first-pass' versions of the pages were then used by the design team as a basis to explore visual improvements.
The design team produced design mockups, focusing on::
Below are some design explorations using existing Vanilla patterns to help bring content to life on example homepage and release pages.
Homepage explorations:
Releases explorations:
The design team reviewed the proposed mockups and selected the best of both the homepage and the releases pages, but we felt we could further improve the design by:
Final designs
Taking feedback into consideration we trialled a couple of versions for the Ubuntu flavours section and then came to a final decision for the redesign of both templates.
Final build and release
We then updated the template-generation code to include the patterns required for the latest designs and managed to keep the non-pattern local CSS overrides to a few lines of code (mostly relating to the file listing table).
The final build was then QA'd in various browsers and the changes to the python script were tested and reviewed to ensure that there were no issues with the new code.
Releases.ubuntu. Com/14.04
The first page to go live was the listing for Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS and other pages on releases.ubuntu.com will follow soon.
Ubuntu desktop
Learn how the Ubuntu desktop operating system powers millions of PCs and laptops around the world.
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Ubuntu 12.04 LTS reached its regular End of Life onApril28, 2017. No more package updates, including security updates, will beaccepted to the 12.04 primary archive.
For customers who can't upgrade immediately, Canonical is offeringExtended Security Support for UbuntuAdvantage customers, more info about which can be foundhere.
Select an image
Ubuntu is distributed on three types of images described below.
Desktop CD
The desktop cd allows you to try Ubuntu without changing your computer at all, and at your option to install it permanently later. This type of cd is what most people will want to use. You will need at least 384MiB of RAM to install from this cd.
64-bit PC (AMD64) desktop CDChoose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). If you have a non-64-bit processor made by AMD, or if you need full support for 32-bit code, use the i386 images instead. Choose this if you are at all unsure.
32-bit PC (i386) desktop CDUbuntu Release History
For almost all PCs. This includes most machines with Intel/AMD/etc type processors and almost all computers that run Microsoft Windows, as well as newer Apple Macintosh systems based on Intel processors.
Server install CD
The server install cd allows you to install Ubuntu permanently on a computer for use as a server. It will not install a graphical user interface.
64-bit PC (AMD64) server install CDWhat Version Of Ubuntu Should I Get
Choose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). If you have a non-64-bit processor made by AMD, or if you need full support for 32-bit code, use the i386 images instead. Choose this if you are at all unsure.
Releases.ubuntu. Com/15.04
32-bit PC (i386) server install CDFor almost all PCs. This includes most machines with Intel/AMD/etc type processors and almost all computers that run Microsoft Windows, as well as newer Apple Macintosh systems based on Intel processors.
Alternate install CD
The alternate install cd allows you to perform certain specialist installations of Ubuntu. It provides for the following situations:
- setting up automated deployments;
- upgrading from older installations without network access;
- LVM and/or RAID partitioning;
- installs on systems with less than about 384MiB of RAM (although note that low-memory systems may not be able to run a full desktop environment reasonably).
In the event that you encounter a bug using the alternate installer, please file a bug on the debian-installer package.
64-bit PC (AMD64) alternate install CDChoose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). If you have a non-64-bit processor made by AMD, or if you need full support for 32-bit code, use the i386 images instead. Choose this if you are at all unsure.
32-bit PC (i386) alternate install CDFor almost all PCs. This includes most machines with Intel/AMD/etc type processors and almost all computers that run Microsoft Windows, as well as newer Apple Macintosh systems based on Intel processors.
A full list of available files, including BitTorrent files, can be found below.
If you need help burning these images to disk, see the Image Burning Guide.
Name | Last modified | Size | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Parent Directory | - | ||
MD5SUMS | 2015-03-26 19:18 | 444 | |
MD5SUMS-metalink | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 862 | |
MD5SUMS-metalink.gpg | 2015-11-12 00:49 | 933 | |
MD5SUMS.gpg | 2015-11-12 00:49 | 933 | |
SHA1SUMS | 2015-03-26 19:18 | 500 | |
SHA1SUMS.gpg | 2015-11-12 00:49 | 933 | |
SHA256SUMS | 2015-03-26 19:18 | 668 | |
SHA256SUMS.gpg | 2015-11-12 00:49 | 933 | |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso | 2014-08-07 15:27 | 761M | Alternate install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (standard download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso.torrent | 2014-08-07 22:45 | 30K | Alternate install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (BitTorrent download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso.zsync | 2014-08-07 22:45 | 1.5M | Alternate install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (zsync metafile) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.jigdo | 2014-08-07 22:44 | 155K | Alternate install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (jigdo download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.list | 2014-08-07 15:27 | 112K | Alternate install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (file listing) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.metalink | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 47K | Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.template | 2014-08-07 15:27 | 6.0M | Alternate install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (jigdo template) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-i386.iso | 2014-08-07 15:31 | 747M | Alternate install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (standard download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-i386.iso.torrent | 2014-08-07 22:45 | 30K | Alternate install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (BitTorrent download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-i386.iso.zsync | 2014-08-07 22:45 | 1.5M | Alternate install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (zsync metafile) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-i386.jigdo | 2014-08-07 22:45 | 153K | Alternate install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (jigdo download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-i386.list | 2014-08-07 15:31 | 110K | Alternate install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (file listing) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-i386.metalink | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 47K | Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-i386.template | 2014-08-07 15:31 | 4.5M | Alternate install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (jigdo template) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-amd64.iso | 2014-08-07 21:07 | 758M | Desktop CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (standard download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent | 2014-08-07 22:43 | 30K | Desktop CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (BitTorrent download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-amd64.iso.zsync | 2014-08-07 22:43 | 1.5M | Desktop CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (zsync metafile) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-amd64.list | 2014-08-07 21:08 | 4.5K | Desktop CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (file listing) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-amd64.manifest | 2014-08-07 16:16 | 43K | Desktop CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (contents of live filesystem) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-amd64.metalink | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 46K | Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-i386.iso | 2014-08-07 21:12 | 756M | Desktop CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (standard download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-i386.iso.torrent | 2014-08-07 22:44 | 30K | Desktop CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (BitTorrent download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-i386.iso.zsync | 2014-08-07 22:44 | 1.5M | Desktop CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (zsync metafile) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-i386.list | 2014-08-07 21:12 | 3.8K | Desktop CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (file listing) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-i386.manifest | 2014-08-07 16:25 | 43K | Desktop CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (contents of live filesystem) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-desktop-i386.metalink | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 46K | Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-amd64.iso | 2014-08-06 20:05 | 689M | Server install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (standard download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-amd64.iso.torrent | 2014-08-07 22:48 | 27K | Server install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (BitTorrent download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-amd64.iso.zsync | 2014-08-07 22:48 | 1.3M | Server install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (zsync metafile) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-amd64.jigdo | 2014-08-07 22:48 | 123K | Server install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (jigdo download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-amd64.list | 2014-08-06 20:05 | 89K | Server install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (file listing) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-amd64.metalink | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 46K | Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-amd64.template | 2014-08-06 20:05 | 5.9M | Server install CD for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (jigdo template) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-i386.iso | 2014-08-06 20:07 | 670M | Server install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (standard download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-i386.iso.torrent | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 27K | Server install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (BitTorrent download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-i386.iso.zsync | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 1.3M | Server install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (zsync metafile) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-i386.jigdo | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 121K | Server install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (jigdo download) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-i386.list | 2014-08-06 20:07 | 87K | Server install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (file listing) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-i386.metalink | 2014-08-07 22:49 | 46K | Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) |
ubuntu-12.04.5-server-i386.template | 2014-08-06 20:07 | 4.3M | Server install CD for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (jigdo template) |
wubi.exe | 2014-08-07 20:55 | 2.4M |